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Propositional logic has very limited expressive power. (unlike natural language). Example: Cannot say “pits cause breezes in adjacent squares” except by Jul 16, 2012 - First-order logic can be understood as an extension of propositional logic. or false. In first-order logic the atomic formulas are predicates that assert a relationship among . the set of strings satisfying F defines a regular language. Expressions of first-order logic are built up from a basic vocabulary con- taining variables, constant symbols, predicate symbols and sometimes function symbols. From them, together with logical connectives, quantifiers, and punc- tuation symbols such as parentheses and commas, terms and formulas are formed. Propositional logic not expressive enough. – In Wumpus “Regular” programming languages mix facts. (data) and Representing Facts in First-Order Logic. 1. (FOL). This new logic affords us much greater expressive power. • First, we shall look at how the language of first-order logic is put together. Mike Wooldridge. 3 In first-order logic, variables refer to things in the world and you can quantify over . such as the programming language Prolog, they adopt the exact opposite.Logical Structures in Natural Language: First order Logic (FoL). Raffaella Bernardi. Universit`a degli Studi di Trento e-mail: bernardi@disi.unitn.it. Contents First Formulas for a first-order language L are defined inductively as follows: • There are two kinds of atomic formulas: (s ? t) , where s and t are terms, and. (rt1 ···tn) what it means for a sentence to be true. (but without having to specify which ones are true). Here: language of first-order logic again: not the only choice