Properties of bose einstein condensate pdf

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is formed when a macroscopic fraction of bosons in a Bose gas occupies the lowest energy state, below a critical Properties of BEC are discussed. The standard Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) is obtained from mean field theory with contact interaction. We theoretically investigate polarization properties of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and influence of decoherence induced by environment on BEC polarization through introducing four BEC Stokes operators which are quantum analog of the classical Stokes parameters for a light Statistical Physics Section 5: Bose-Einstein Condensation. In this section we discuss the thermodynamic properties of the Ideal Bose Gas. We consider the case of spinless Bosons so there is no spin factor in the density of states of section 4. 5. 1. Fixing the chemical potential. Bose-Einstein condensation is an exotic quantum phenomenon that was observed in dilute atomic gases for the first time in 1995, and is This Bose condensate, and the process of condensation itself, was predicted to have many unusual properties and for years experimenters have tried to Solid state quantum condensates often differ from previous examples of condensates (such as Helium, ultra-cold atomic gases, and superconductors) in that the quasiparticles condensing have relatively short lifetimes, and so as for lasers, external pumping is required to maintain a steady state. 2.1 Bose-Einstein Condensate in Harmonic Trap. Every real particle can be classified as one of two families according to its spin, fermions which have half One of the most important properties for laser manipulation of cold atoms is the energy level structure. As all other alkali atoms, Lithium-7 has one A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter (also called the fifth state of matter) which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (-273.15 °C). Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state The Bose-Einstein state of matter was the only one created while your parents were alive. In 1995, two scientists, Cornell and Weiman, finally created the condensate. When you hear the word condensate, think about condensation and the way gas molecules come together and condense and to a liquid. A Bose-Einstein condensate is a phase of matter formed by bosons cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero (0 kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius). Under such supercooled conditions, a large fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state, at which point quantum effects become Bose-Einstein condensation can occur in quasiparticles, particles that are effective descriptions of collective excitations in materials. Some have integer spins and can be expected to obey Bose-Einstein statistics like traditional particles. A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), the first of which was shown experimentally 22 years ago, isn't your garden variety state of matter. This velocity-distribution data for a gas of rubidium atoms confirmed the discovery of the Bose-Einstein condensate in 1995. Bose-Einstein condensation. A state of matter in which atoms or particles are chilled to such low energies that they 'condense' into a single quantum state.The atoms are bosonic in nature; that is, their total spin must possess an integral value, such as 0, 1, 2. Particles,