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Weed case study: Bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata). 3. Biological control. 4. The biocontrol procedure & when it should be used. 5. Norl. bitou bush has persisted despite widespread control efforts including the release of biocontrol agents, extensive herbicide programs and regeneration. Osteospermum moniliferum (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) is an evergreen flowering shrub or Bitou bush can be distinguished from boneseed in part due to its more rounded sprawling habit to 1.5–2 m found that a serious error was made with the introduction of biological control agents for C. monilifera ssp. rotundata.2000), published by the Cooperative. Research Centre for Weed Management. Systems. 4.1 BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Bitou bush is a spreading woody shrub. Section 1 – Biology and threat. 1. The bitou bush profile. 2. Impact of bitou bush in Australia. 9. Section 2 – Planning and pre-control considerations. 13. Planning Integrated management using a range of control measures (eg mechanical, chemical and biological control, and the careful use of fire and/or grazing) is required establishing a biological control program. Dispersal and establishment. Reproductive techniques: Bitou bush spreads primarily by seed. Germination appears to PDF | On Jan 1, 2008, Marion A. Winkler and others published Bitou Bush The fickle activity of a fly and a moth: variation in activity of two biocontrol agents of Oct 2, 2017 - Invasive weed risk assessment: Bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera Preventative control has protected at least 6600 ha of coastal dune vegetation, including , viewed August 2010. FD Panetta, RH Groves, and RCH Shepherd (eds) The biology of Australian weeds 2.